Glaucoma is a serious eye condition caused by a
pressure build-up in the eyeball that damages the optic nerve, which is
responsible for transmitting images to the brain. Left untreated, it can lead
to permanent vision loss. As with most illnesses, the earlier glaucoma is
detected, the more likely it is to prevent further damage and permanent
blindness. Note, however, that though treatments can halt the progression of
vision loss, they cannot restore the vision that has already been lost.
Depending on the type or stage of glaucoma, there are various
treatments available, ranging from medicinal eyedrops to surgery. You should
consult your senior consultant ophthalmologist on the best option for your condition.
Medicinal Eyedrops
The main and most recommended treatment of glaucoma, eyedrops help control intraocular pressure
(IOP) by reducing fluid production in the eyes, and improving its outward flow.
Your doctor should prescribe the right brand and dosage depending on the type
of glaucoma you have and your overall health (e.g. any underlying illnesses). Make
sure to use the eyedrops as directed by your physician. These are usually applied
for life. Common side effects include eye irritation, upper lid elevation,
bloodshot eyes and dilated pupils.
Laser Surgery
Laser surgery provides a quick and non-invasive way to
treat glaucoma. It is conducted in an outpatient setting and usually lasts 15
to 20 minutes. It also has many types, depending on the type of glaucoma.
For those with open-angle glaucoma, a trabeculoplasty
is performed, where laser is used to correct the drainage angle, allowing fluid
to flow out properly and lessening the build-up of pressure.
For those with angle-closure glaucoma, an iridotomy is
performed, in which a hole is made in the iris with a laser, leading fluid to
the drainage angle.
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP) is performed
for more advanced-stage glaucoma, and that involves destroying the ciliary body
to reduce fluid production.
Incisional Surgery
Should medicinal eyedrops and laser surgery prove
insufficient to control glaucoma, conventional or incisional surgery is another
option. In most cases, trabeculectomy or sclerostomy is performed, in which a
tiny drainage hole is made in the white part of the eye (sclera) to help fluid
flow out and reduce eye pressure. Typically, the recovery time is two to four
weeks.
Implant Surgeries
Another surgical alternative comes in the form of glaucoma drainage devices called aqueous
shunts or implants. Composed of a silicone tube, the flexible device is
surgically implanted in the eye, allowing the fluid to drain into an external
collecting plate, relieving pressure that could damage the optic nerve.
Dr Steve Seah is a senior consultant ophthalmologist specializing in the diagnosis and
treatment of glaucoma, cataract and refractive errors. To make an appointment
with Dr Seah, call (65) 6565 6888 or send us a message at steveseaheyecentre@gmail.com
today.
